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  5.     <title>UTas ePrints - Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia</title>
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  13.     <meta content="Phillips, Helen E." name="eprints.creators_name" />
  14. <meta content="Rintoul, S.R." name="eprints.creators_name" />
  15. <meta content="h.e.phillips@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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  21. <meta content="Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia" name="eprints.title" />
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  25. <meta content="Antarctic Circumpolar Current, heat, momentum, eddy, flux" name="eprints.keywords" />
  26. <meta content="Two year time series measurements of current velocity and temperature in the Subantarctic
  27. Front (SAF) south of Australia from 1993 to 1995 provide estimates of eddy fluxes of heat
  28. and momentum across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and further insight into the
  29. variability of the ACC. The SAF was found to be an energetic, meandering jet with vertically
  30. coherent fluctuations varying on a timescale of 20 days with typical amplitude 30 cm/s
  31. at 1150 dbar. A daily-varying coordinate frame which follows the direction of ow allowed
  32. mesoscale variability of the SAF to be isolated from variability due to meandering of the
  33. front and proved very successful for examining eddy uxes. Vertically averaged cross-stream
  34. eddy heat flux was 11.3 kW/m^2 poleward and significantly different from zero at the 95%
  35. confidence interval for fluctuations in the 2-90 day band. Zonally integrated, this eddy heat
  36. flux (=0.9 PW) is more than large enough to balance heat lost south of the Polar Front
  37. and is as large as cross-SAF fluxes found in Drake Passage. Cross-stream eddy momentum
  38. fluxes were small, not significantly different from zero and of indeterminate sign, but tending
  39. to decelerate the mean flow. A relationship between vertical motion and meander phase
  40. identified in the Gulf Stream was found to hold for the SAF. Eddy kinetic energy levels were
  41. similar to those in Drake Passage and southeast of New Zealand. Eddy potential energy was
  42. up to an order of magnitude larger than other ACC sites, most likely because meandering
  43. of the front is more common here. Baroclinic conversion was found to be the dominant
  44. mechanism by which eddies grow south of Australia. Typical eddy growth rate is estimated
  45. to be 30 days, approximately twice as fast as in Drake Passage, consistent with eddy energy
  46. growing rapidly downstream." name="eprints.abstract" />
  47. <meta content="2000-12" name="eprints.date" />
  48. <meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
  49. <meta content="Journal of Physical Oceanography" name="eprints.publication" />
  50. <meta content="30" name="eprints.volume" />
  51. <meta content="12" name="eprints.number" />
  52. <meta content="3050-3076" name="eprints.pagerange" />
  53. <meta content="10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<3050:EVAEFD>2.0.CO;2" name="eprints.id_number" />
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  56. <meta content="1520-0485" name="eprints.issn" />
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  58. <meta content="Belkin, I. M., 1990: Hydrological fronts of the Indian Subantarctic, in The Antarctic. The committee
  59. reports., vol. 29, pp. 119-128, Nauka, Moscow, in Russian with English abstract.
  60. Bryden, H. L., 1979: Poleward heat flux and conversion of available potential energy in Drake Passage,
  61. J. Mar. Res., 37, 1-22.
  62. Bryden, H. L., and R. A. Heath, 1985: Energetic eddies at the northern edge of the Antarctic Circumpolar
  63. Current, Progr. Oceanogr., 14, 65-87.
  64. Bryden, H. L., 1980: Geostrophic vorticity balance in midocean, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 2825-2828.
  65. Bryden, H. L., and R. D. Pillsbury, 1977: Variability of deep flow in the Drake Passage from year-long
  66. current measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 803-810.
  67. Cronin, M., K. L. Tracey and D. R. Watts, 1992: Mooring motion correction of the SYNOP Central
  68. Array current meter data., GSO Tech. Rep. 92-4, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 114pp.
  69. Cronin, M., and D. R. Watts, 1996: Eddy-mean flow interaction in the Gulf Stream at 68 W. Part I:
  70. Eddy energetics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2107-2131.
  71. deSzoeke, R. A., and M. D. Levine, 1981: The advective flux of heat by mean geostrophic motions in
  72. the Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 28A, 1057-1085.
  73. Gill, A. E., 1968: A linear model of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Fluid Mech., 32, 465-488.
  74. Gille, S. T., 1997: The Southern Ocean momentum balance: evidence for topographic effects from
  75. numerical model output and altimeter data, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2219-2232.
  76. Hall, M. M., 1986: Horizontal and vertical structure of the Gulf Stream velocity field at 68 W, J.
  77. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1814-1828.
  78. Hall, M. M., 1989: Velocity and transport structure of the Kuroshio Extension at 35 N 152 E, J.
  79. Geophys. Res., 94(C10), 14445-14459.
  80. Hall, M. M., 1991: Energetics of the Kuroshio Extension at 35 N, 152 E, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21,
  81. 958-975.
  82. Hogg, N. G., 1986: On the correction of temperature and velocity time series for mooring motion, J.
  83. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 3, 204-214.
  84. Hogg, N. G., 1991: Mooring motion corrections revisited, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 8, 289-295.
  85. Holton, J. R., 1992: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Academic Press, 3 edition, 511pp.
  86. Inoue, M., 1985: Modal decomposition of the low-frequency currents and baroclinic instability at
  87. Drake Passage, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1157-1181.
  88. Johnson, G. C., and H. L. Bryden, 1989: On the size of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea
  89. Res., 36, 35-53.
  90. Le Traon, P. Y., F. Nadal and N. Ducet, 1998: An improved mapping method of multi-satellite
  91. altimeter data, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 25, 522-534.
  92. Lindstrom, S. S., X. Qian and D. R. Watts, 1997: Vertical motion in the Gulf Stream and its relation
  93. to meanders, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8485-8503.
  94. Lindstrom, S. S., and D. R. Watts, 1994: Vertical motion in the Gulf Stream near 68 W, J. Phys.
  95. Oceanogr., 24, 2321-2333.
  96. Marshall, J., and G. Shutts, 1981: A note on rotational and divergent eddy fluxes, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
  97. 11, 1677-1680.
  98. McWilliams, J. C., W. R. Holland and J. H. S. Chow, 1978: A description of numerical Antarctic
  99. Circumpolar Currents, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 2, 213-291.
  100. Morrow, R., R. Coleman, J. Church and D. Chelton, 1994: Surface eddy momentum flux and velocity
  101. variances in the Southern Ocean from Geosat altimetry, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2050-2071.
  102. Munk, W. H., and E. Palmen, 1951: Note on the dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current,
  103. Tellus, 3, 53-55.
  104. Nowlin, Jr., W. D., and J. M. Klinck, 1986: The physics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Rev.
  105. of Geophys., 24, 469-491.
  106. Nowlin, Jr., W. D., S. J. Worley and T. Whitworth, III, 1985: Methods for making point estimates of
  107. eddy heat ux as applied to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3305-3324.
  108. Olbers, D., V. Gouretski, G. Seiss and J. Schroter, 1992: Hydrographic atlas of the Southern Ocean,
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  110. Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, 17pp.+82 plates.
  111. Pedlosky, J., 1987: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Springer-Verlag, 2 edition, 710pp.
  112. Pillsbury, R. D., T. Whitworth, III, W. D. Nowlin, Jr. and F. Sciremammano, Jr., 1979: Currents and
  113. temperatures as observed in Drake Passage during 1975, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 469-482.
  114. Rintoul, S. R., and J. L. Bullister, 1999: A late winter hydrographic section from Tasmania to Antarctica,
  115. Deep-Sea Res., 46, 1417-1454.
  116. Rintoul, S. R., J. R. Donguy and D. H. Roemmich, 1997: Seasonal evolution of upper ocean thermal
  117. structure between Tasmania and Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res., 44, 1185-1202.
  118. Rintoul, S. R., and S. Sokolov, 2000: Baroclinic transport variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar
  119. Current south of Australia (WOCE repeat section SR3), J. Geophys. Res., p. submitted.
  120. Schmitz, Jr., W. J., 1996: On the eddy field in the Agulhas Retroection, with some global considerations,
  121. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,259-16,271.
  122. Sciremammano, Jr., F., 1980: The nature of the poleward heat ux due to low-frequency current
  123. uctuations in Drake Passage, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 843-852.
  124. Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell, 1994: Bathymetric prediction from dense satellite altimetry and
  125. sparse shipboard bathymetry, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21803-21824.
  126. Speer, K., S. Rintoul and B. Sloyan, 1999: The diabatic Deacon cell, J. Phys. Oceanogr., Submitted.
  127. Stevens, D. P., and V. O. Ivchenko, 1997: The zonal momentum balance in an eddy-resolving generalcirculation
  128. model of the Southern Ocean, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 929-951.
  129. Thompson, R. O. R. Y., 1983: Low-pass filters to suppress inertial and tidal frequencies, J. Phys.
  130. Oceanogr., 13, 1077-1083.
  131. Treguier, A. M., and J. C. McWilliams, 1990: Topographic inuences on wind-driven, stratified flow in
  132. a -plane channel: An idealized model for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
  133. 20, 321-343.
  134. Wolff, J. O., E. Maier-Reimer and D. J. Olbers, 1991: Wind-driven flow over topography in a zonal -
  135. plane channel: A quasi-geostrophic model of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
  136. 21, 236-264." name="eprints.referencetext" />
  137. <meta content="Phillips, Helen E. and Rintoul, S.R. (2000) Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 30 (12). pp. 3050-3076. ISSN 1520-0485" name="eprints.citation" />
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  140. <meta content="Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia" name="DC.title" />
  141. <meta content="Phillips, Helen E." name="DC.creator" />
  142. <meta content="Rintoul, S.R." name="DC.creator" />
  143. <meta content="260403 Physical Oceanography" name="DC.subject" />
  144. <meta content="Two year time series measurements of current velocity and temperature in the Subantarctic
  145. Front (SAF) south of Australia from 1993 to 1995 provide estimates of eddy fluxes of heat
  146. and momentum across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and further insight into the
  147. variability of the ACC. The SAF was found to be an energetic, meandering jet with vertically
  148. coherent fluctuations varying on a timescale of 20 days with typical amplitude 30 cm/s
  149. at 1150 dbar. A daily-varying coordinate frame which follows the direction of ow allowed
  150. mesoscale variability of the SAF to be isolated from variability due to meandering of the
  151. front and proved very successful for examining eddy uxes. Vertically averaged cross-stream
  152. eddy heat flux was 11.3 kW/m^2 poleward and significantly different from zero at the 95%
  153. confidence interval for fluctuations in the 2-90 day band. Zonally integrated, this eddy heat
  154. flux (=0.9 PW) is more than large enough to balance heat lost south of the Polar Front
  155. and is as large as cross-SAF fluxes found in Drake Passage. Cross-stream eddy momentum
  156. fluxes were small, not significantly different from zero and of indeterminate sign, but tending
  157. to decelerate the mean flow. A relationship between vertical motion and meander phase
  158. identified in the Gulf Stream was found to hold for the SAF. Eddy kinetic energy levels were
  159. similar to those in Drake Passage and southeast of New Zealand. Eddy potential energy was
  160. up to an order of magnitude larger than other ACC sites, most likely because meandering
  161. of the front is more common here. Baroclinic conversion was found to be the dominant
  162. mechanism by which eddies grow south of Australia. Typical eddy growth rate is estimated
  163. to be 30 days, approximately twice as fast as in Drake Passage, consistent with eddy energy
  164. growing rapidly downstream." name="DC.description" />
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  278.     <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia</h1>
  279.     <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Phillips, Helen E.</span> and <span class="person_name">Rintoul, S.R.</span> (2000) <xhtml:em>Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia.</xhtml:em> Journal of Physical Oceanography, 30 (12). pp. 3050-3076. ISSN 1520-0485</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/810/1/Eddy_Variability_and_Energetics.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" border="0" class="ep_doc_icon" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/810/1/Eddy_Variability_and_Energetics.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />455Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input value="4451" name="docid" accept-charset="utf-8" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<3050:EVAEFD>2.0.CO;2">http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030&lt;3050:EVAEFD&gt;2.0.CO;2</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Two year time series measurements of current velocity and temperature in the Subantarctic&#13;
  280. Front (SAF) south of Australia from 1993 to 1995 provide estimates of eddy fluxes of heat&#13;
  281. and momentum across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and further insight into the&#13;
  282. variability of the ACC. The SAF was found to be an energetic, meandering jet with vertically&#13;
  283. coherent fluctuations varying on a timescale of 20 days with typical amplitude 30 cm/s&#13;
  284. at 1150 dbar. A daily-varying coordinate frame which follows the direction of ow allowed&#13;
  285. mesoscale variability of the SAF to be isolated from variability due to meandering of the&#13;
  286. front and proved very successful for examining eddy uxes. Vertically averaged cross-stream&#13;
  287. eddy heat flux was 11.3 kW/m^2 poleward and significantly different from zero at the 95%&#13;
  288. confidence interval for fluctuations in the 2-90 day band. Zonally integrated, this eddy heat&#13;
  289. flux (=0.9 PW) is more than large enough to balance heat lost south of the Polar Front&#13;
  290. and is as large as cross-SAF fluxes found in Drake Passage. Cross-stream eddy momentum&#13;
  291. fluxes were small, not significantly different from zero and of indeterminate sign, but tending&#13;
  292. to decelerate the mean flow. A relationship between vertical motion and meander phase&#13;
  293. identified in the Gulf Stream was found to hold for the SAF. Eddy kinetic energy levels were&#13;
  294. similar to those in Drake Passage and southeast of New Zealand. Eddy potential energy was&#13;
  295. up to an order of magnitude larger than other ACC sites, most likely because meandering&#13;
  296. of the front is more common here. Baroclinic conversion was found to be the dominant&#13;
  297. mechanism by which eddies grow south of Australia. Typical eddy growth rate is estimated&#13;
  298. to be 30 days, approximately twice as fast as in Drake Passage, consistent with eddy energy&#13;
  299. growing rapidly downstream.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" border="0" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Antarctic Circumpolar Current, heat, momentum, eddy, flux</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260403.html">260000 Earth Sciences &gt; 260400 Oceanography &gt; 260403 Physical Oceanography</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Collections:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">UNSPECIFIED</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">810</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Helen E Phillips</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">15 Mar 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">08 Feb 2008 12:49</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=810;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=810">item control page</a></p>
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